Statistics

The 68–95–99.7 Rule

Use the empirical rule to estimate normal distribution probabilities quickly.

The rule

For an approximately normal distribution:

\[\mu\pm1\sigma\]about 68%
\[\mu\pm2\sigma\]about 95%
\[\mu\pm3\sigma\]about 99.7%
μμ+σμ−σNormal distribution
Most observations lie close to the mean.

Worked example

Scores are approximately normal with mean \(70\) and standard deviation \(5\). Estimate the percentage of scores between 60 and 80.

Since the interval is \(\mu\pm2\sigma\), the percentage is about \(95\%\).