Sequences

Arithmetic Sequences

Find and use arithmetic sequences with a constant difference.

An arithmetic sequence increases or decreases by adding the same number each time. This number is the common difference, written \(d\).

Nth term formula\[u_n=u_1+(n-1)d\]

Worked example

The sequence \(7, 11, 15, 19, \ldots\) has \(u_1=7\) and \(d=4\).

\[u_n=7+(n-1)4=4n+3\]

So the 20th term is \(u_{20}=4(20)+3=83\).

Exam tip

If you are given two terms, subtract their formulas. For example, if \(u_5=18\) and \(u_{12}=46\), then \(7d=28\), so \(d=4\).